The Second GMWHO World Health Assembly: Climate Change, Pollution, and Health

The Second GMWHO World Health Assembly (WHA2.1), held on November 1, 2024, highlighted the urgent need for global cooperation to address the mounting impacts of climate change, pollution, and health crises. The resolution emphasizes that vulnerable and marginalized populations bear the greatest burden, threatening sustainable development and public health worldwide.

Recognizing the Challenge

The Assembly acknowledged that deregulation for corporate profits has worsened pollution levels, impacting air, water, and soil quality. This, combined with weak health systems, increases risks for millions. The resolution reaffirms global commitments such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Climate Agreement, and the COP28 UAE Declaration on Climate and Health, which collectively aim to reverse climate damage, cut emissions, and build climate-resilient health systems.

Urgent Health and Environmental Risks

Delegates raised alarm over the 40% increase in weather-related disasters since 2000, leading to more than 1.3 million deaths. Natural disasters not only devastate infrastructure but also strain health systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Rising cases of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and zika further underscore the urgent need for stronger health measures.

Key Recommendations

For Member States

  1. Improve Sanitation & WASH Practices – Expand wastewater treatment and hygiene drives in rural and urban areas.

  2. Climate-Resilient Infrastructure – Build reinforced, sustainable health facilities and homes that withstand extreme weather.

  3. Shift to Renewable Energy – Invest in solar, wind, geothermal, hydrogen, and biomass to reduce emissions and improve respiratory health.

  4. Expand Healthcare Access – Increase mobile health units, clinics, and equitable vaccine distribution in remote and underserved regions.

For International Organizations and Stakeholders

  • Develop affordable, accessible pathogen testing technologies and strengthen surveillance systems.

  • Establish early warning systems and climate-resilient infrastructure to mitigate disaster impacts.

  • Promote ecosystem restoration through reforestation, agroforestry, and wetland conservation to act as carbon sinks and protect biodiversity.

  • Support innovative agriculture such as aquaponics, hydroponics, and smart irrigation to enhance food security.

  • Ensure technology transfer to developing nations for sustainable energy and healthcare solutions.

  • Strengthen waste management systems in high-risk areas like coastlines and urban centers.

For the WHO Director-General

The resolution requests WHO leadership to:

  • Partner with UN agencies to improve health services for displaced and vulnerable groups.

  • Increase climate and health awareness through community engagement and data-sharing.

  • Push for stricter international air quality standards and pollution monitoring.

  • Provide survival kits and resources tailored to community needs in multiple languages.

  • Enhance rapid information-sharing during emergencies.

A Collective Responsibility

The resolution concludes with a call for solidarity and stronger global partnerships. By aligning health, climate, and environmental policies, countries can protect vulnerable populations, strengthen resilience, and move closer to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).