vulnerability

United Nation Final Multidimensional Vulnerability Index Report

United Nation Final Multidimensional Vulnerability Index Report

The international community has now acknowledged vulnerability as a severe obstacle to development due to the damage caused by exogenous shocks and stressors to which countries are increasingly being exposed. These shocks span diverse domains, such as terms of trade fluctuations, natural disasters, supply disruptions, conflicts, civil unrest, and unprecedented shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It is evident that low national income, often measured by Gross National Income per capita (GNI pc), is a weak measure of development, material welfare, or well-being.

The Climate Dictionary

The Climate Dictionary

Climate change adaptation refers to actions that help reduce vulnerability to climate change's current or expected impacts like weather extremes and natural disasters, sea-level rise, biodiversity loss, or food and water insecurity. Many adaptation measures need to happen locally, so rural communities and cities have a big role to play. Such measures include planting crop varieties more resistant to drought and practicing regenerative agriculture, improving water storage and use, managing land to reduce wildfire risks, and building stronger defenses against extreme weather like floods and heat waves.